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Burkina Faso Safety Guide

Burkina Faso Safety Guide

Health, security, and travel safety information

Home › Safety Guide
Exercise Extreme Caution
Burkina Faso faces significant security challenges that travelers must carefully consider before visiting. Since 2015, the country has experienced an escalating security crisis with terrorist attacks, kidnappings, and armed conflicts, particularly in border regions and rural areas. Most Western governments, including the US, UK, Canada, and Australia, currently advise against all travel to large portions of the country and recommend reconsidering travel to areas including the capital, Ouagadougou. Despite these serious security concerns, some travelers continue to visit Burkina Faso for business, humanitarian work, or tourism, particularly in Ouagadougou and Bobo-Dioulasso. Those who do travel to Burkina Faso must maintain extremely high levels of vigilance, avoid all border areas and rural regions, stay informed about the evolving security situation, and follow guidance from local authorities and their embassy. The security environment can deteriorate rapidly and without warning. Beyond security threats, travelers also face health risks including malaria, limited medical infrastructure, and challenging road conditions. Comprehensive preparation, including appropriate vaccinations, travel insurance with medical evacuation coverage, and detailed security planning, is absolutely essential for anyone considering travel to Burkina Faso.

Burkina Faso faces a serious and evolving security crisis with terrorist activity and armed conflict; most governments advise against all or most travel to the country.

Emergency Numbers

Save these numbers before your trip.

Police
17
National police emergency line; response times may vary significantly depending on location and current security situation
Gendarmerie (Military Police)
16
Alternative to police, particularly outside urban areas; may be more available in some regions
Fire Brigade
18
Fire and rescue services; limited resources in rural areas
Ambulance (SAMU)
112 or 25-30-66-44
Medical emergency services in Ouagadougou; private medical transport may be more reliable; ambulance services are extremely limited outside the capital
Anti-Terrorist Hotline
1010
For reporting suspicious activities or security threats

Healthcare

What to know about medical care in Burkina Faso.

Healthcare System

Burkina Faso has a limited healthcare system with significant resource constraints. Medical facilities are concentrated in major cities, particularly Ouagadougou and Bobo-Dioulasso, but even these facilities lack the equipment, medications, and specialist care available in Western countries. Rural areas have minimal medical infrastructure.

Hospitals

In Ouagadougou: Clinique Princesse Sarah, Clinique El Fateh-Suka, and Polyclinique Notre Dame de la Paix are private facilities used by expatriates. Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Yalgado Ouédraogo is the main public hospital. In Bobo-Dioulasso: Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sourô Sanou. Always confirm facilities can handle your needs before treatment.

Pharmacies

Pharmacies are available in major cities and are generally well-stocked with basic medications and some imported drugs. However, counterfeit medications are a concern. Bring sufficient supplies of prescription medications in original packaging, along with copies of prescriptions. French is the language used in medical settings.

Insurance

Travel insurance with comprehensive medical coverage and medical evacuation is absolutely essential and strongly recommended by all governments. Medical evacuation can cost over $100,000 and is often necessary for serious conditions.

Healthcare Tips

  • Bring a comprehensive medical kit including antimalarial medication, antibiotics (with prescription), oral rehydration salts, and any prescription medications for your entire stay
  • Carry copies of prescriptions and medical records in French if possible
  • Identify the nearest appropriate medical facility immediately upon arrival in any city
  • Ensure your insurance covers medical evacuation to Europe or your home country, not just to neighboring African countries
  • Water and food-borne diseases are common; drink only bottled or purified water and eat only thoroughly cooked food
  • Take antimalarial prophylaxis as malaria is endemic throughout the country year-round

Common Risks

Be aware of these potential issues.

Terrorism and Armed Conflict
High Risk

Terrorist groups including JNIM (Jama'at Nusrat al-Islam wal-Muslimin) and Islamic State affiliates operate throughout Burkina Faso, conducting attacks, kidnappings, and improvised explosive device (IED) incidents. Attacks have targeted hotels, restaurants, cafes, markets, security forces, government buildings, and places frequented by foreigners.

Avoid all border regions and northern/eastern areas entirely. In cities, vary your routines, avoid predictable patterns, stay away from government buildings and military installations, avoid large gatherings, maintain high situational awareness, have evacuation plans, and monitor security updates daily. Register with your embassy.
Kidnapping
High Risk

Foreign nationals have been kidnapped by terrorist groups, particularly in northern and eastern regions. Kidnappings can occur in both rural and urban areas, with victims including aid workers, missionaries, tourists, and business travelers.

Avoid all high-risk regions entirely. In permitted areas, maintain low profile, vary travel routes and times, avoid traveling at night, use secure accommodations, limit information shared about travel plans, and consider security escorts for essential travel. Do not advertise nationality or wealth.
Petty Crime and Theft
Medium to High Risk

Pickpocketing, bag snatching, and theft from vehicles occur in urban areas, particularly in crowded markets, bus stations, and tourist areas. Armed robbery can occur, especially at night. Motorcycle-based theft is common.

Keep valuables secured and out of sight, use hotel safes, avoid displaying expensive items like jewelry or cameras, be especially vigilant in crowded areas, avoid walking alone at night, use trusted taxi services rather than walking, and keep car doors locked and windows up while driving.
Road Safety
High Risk

Road conditions are poor with many unpaved roads, limited lighting, poorly maintained vehicles, lack of traffic law enforcement, and dangerous driving practices. Livestock and pedestrians on roads create additional hazards. Roadside banditry and armed robbery occur, particularly outside cities and at night.

Avoid driving at night entirely. Use experienced local drivers familiar with conditions. Ensure vehicles are in good condition with spare tires and emergency supplies. Travel in convoy when possible. Keep doors locked and windows up. Have communication devices and emergency plans. Avoid isolated routes.
Civil Unrest and Demonstrations
Medium to High Risk

Political protests, demonstrations, and strikes occur periodically, particularly in Ouagadougou. These can turn violent with clashes between protesters and security forces. Demonstrations can emerge quickly and block roads.

Monitor local news and social media for protest announcements, avoid all demonstrations and large gatherings, stay away from government buildings and downtown areas during protests, keep a low profile, stock essential supplies in case of curfews or movement restrictions, and follow embassy guidance.
Health Risks - Malaria
High Risk

Malaria is endemic throughout Burkina Faso year-round, with high transmission rates. It is one of the leading causes of illness and death in the country.

Take antimalarial prophylaxis as prescribed before, during, and after travel. Use insect repellent containing DEET, wear long sleeves and pants especially at dawn and dusk, sleep under insecticide-treated bed nets, and stay in air-conditioned or well-screened accommodations when possible.
Health Risks - Waterborne and Foodborne Diseases
High Risk

Diseases including typhoid, hepatitis A, cholera, and traveler's diarrhea are common due to poor water quality and sanitation. Meningitis outbreaks occur during dry season.

Drink only bottled or boiled water, avoid ice, eat only thoroughly cooked hot food, peel fruits yourself, avoid raw vegetables, practice rigorous hand hygiene, ensure vaccinations are current including hepatitis A, typhoid, and meningitis, and carry oral rehydration salts.

Scams to Avoid

Watch out for these common tourist scams.

Fake Police or Official Checkpoints

Criminals pose as police or military personnel at fake checkpoints, particularly on rural roads or at night. They may demand bribes, confiscate documents, or rob travelers. In the current security environment, distinguishing between legitimate security checkpoints and criminal operations can be difficult.

Travel only during daylight hours, use reputable transportation companies or guides familiar with legitimate checkpoint locations, keep copies of important documents separate from originals, remain calm and polite at all checkpoints, and if in doubt about legitimacy, ask to be escorted to the nearest police station rather than paying on the spot.
Overcharging and Price Gouging

Taxi drivers, market vendors, and service providers may significantly overcharge foreign visitors who are unfamiliar with local prices. Unofficial 'guides' may offer help then demand excessive payment.

Research typical prices in advance, negotiate taxi fares before entering the vehicle, use metered taxis when available, shop at fixed-price stores when possible, politely decline unsolicited assistance from 'guides,' and ask locals or hotel staff about reasonable prices.
Accommodation and Tour Scams

Fraudulent accommodation listings, non-existent tour operators, or tours that don't match descriptions. Advance payments are taken but services are not provided or are substandard.

Book accommodations through reputable platforms with reviews, verify tour operators through embassy lists or established travel agencies, avoid paying full amounts in advance, get written confirmation of services and prices, and research companies online before committing.
Friendship and Romance Scams

Scammers befriend tourists, often online before arrival or in person, build trust over time, then request money for emergencies, business opportunities, or to visit the tourist's home country.

Be cautious of overly friendly strangers, never send money to people you've met recently, be skeptical of sob stories or investment opportunities, don't share detailed personal or financial information, and trust your instincts if something feels wrong.
Currency Exchange Fraud

Unofficial money changers offer attractive rates but use sleight of hand, counterfeit bills, or shortchange customers. Some may work with accomplices who distract or rob victims after exchange.

Use only official banks and authorized exchange bureaus, avoid street money changers entirely, count money carefully before leaving the exchange location, be aware of current exchange rates, and don't exchange money in isolated areas.

Safety Tips

Practical advice to stay safe.

Security Awareness

  • Register with your embassy or consulate immediately upon arrival and maintain regular contact
  • Monitor news and security updates daily from multiple sources including your government's travel advisories
  • Develop and practice evacuation plans including multiple routes out of the country
  • Maintain a low profile and avoid discussing travel plans, nationality, or occupation publicly
  • Vary your routes and routines to avoid predictable patterns that could make you a target
  • Keep digital and physical copies of important documents (passport, insurance, emergency contacts) in separate secure locations
  • Share your itinerary with family, friends, or colleagues and establish regular check-in schedules
  • Avoid areas near government buildings, military installations, and security force operations

Accommodation Safety

  • Choose hotels with good security including guards, secure perimeters, and CCTV
  • Stay in accommodations used by international organizations and diplomatic missions when possible
  • Keep your room number private and don't share it loudly at reception
  • Use all available locks and security devices in your room
  • Know emergency exits and evacuation procedures immediately upon check-in
  • Keep valuables in hotel safes and don't leave items visible in rooms
  • Be cautious about who you allow into your room, including staff you didn't request

Transportation Safety

  • Never travel at night outside of major cities due to security risks and poor road conditions
  • Use reputable taxi companies or hotel-arranged transportation rather than street taxis
  • Avoid motorcycle taxis (zemidjans) which are involved in frequent accidents and theft
  • Keep car doors locked and windows up while driving, especially in urban areas
  • Don't pick up hitchhikers or stop for strangers on roads
  • Carry a charged mobile phone with local emergency numbers programmed
  • Have emergency supplies in vehicles including water, first aid kit, and flashlight
  • Be prepared to show identification at numerous security checkpoints; remain calm and cooperative

Health Precautions

  • Complete all recommended vaccinations at least 4-6 weeks before travel (yellow fever is mandatory)
  • Take antimalarial medication as prescribed throughout your stay
  • Practice strict food and water safety: bottled water only, cooked food only, peel fruits yourself
  • Wash hands frequently with soap or use hand sanitizer, especially before eating
  • Avoid contact with animals including dogs and monkeys due to rabies risk
  • Use insect repellent and protective clothing to prevent mosquito-borne diseases
  • Seek medical attention immediately for fever, diarrhea, or other concerning symptoms
  • Avoid swimming in freshwater lakes or rivers due to schistosomiasis risk

Communication

  • Purchase a local SIM card for reliable communication (Orange, Telmob, or Telecel are main providers)
  • Keep phone charged and carry portable battery backup
  • Learn basic French phrases as it's the official language; local languages include Mooré and Dioula
  • Have emergency contact numbers written down in case your phone is lost or stolen
  • Know the address of your embassy and how to contact them 24/7
  • Consider satellite communication devices if traveling to remote areas (though this is strongly discouraged)

Money and Valuables

  • Use the West African CFA franc (XOF); bring euros for exchange as USD may be difficult to exchange
  • Carry only what you need for the day and leave excess cash and valuables secured
  • Use ATMs inside banks during business hours rather than standalone machines
  • Notify your bank of travel plans to avoid card blocks
  • Keep emergency cash hidden separately from your main wallet
  • Make copies of credit cards and keep issuer contact numbers for reporting loss
  • Be discreet when accessing money and don't count cash publicly

Information for Specific Travelers

Safety considerations for different traveler groups.

Women Travelers

Women travelers face additional challenges in Burkina Faso beyond the general security concerns. While Burkinabé culture is generally respectful, foreign women may attract unwanted attention, and gender-based harassment can occur. The severe security situation makes solo travel particularly inadvisable for women. Women should take extra precautions regarding personal safety and be aware of cultural expectations.

  • Avoid traveling alone, especially outside major hotels and business districts; use trusted guides or travel companions
  • Do not walk alone after dark under any circumstances; arrange secure transportation even for short distances
  • Stay in reputable hotels with good security rather than budget accommodations or homestays
  • Be firm but polite in declining unwanted attention; avoid engaging with persistent individuals
  • Keep a charged phone with emergency contacts readily accessible at all times
  • Be cautious about accepting invitations from people you've recently met, even in seemingly safe settings
  • Trust your instincts - if a situation feels uncomfortable, remove yourself immediately
  • Consider wearing a fake wedding ring to discourage unwanted advances
  • Be aware that women's rights and gender equality differ significantly from Western standards
  • Avoid isolated areas including empty streets, parks, and beaches
  • Join group tours or activities rather than exploring independently when possible
  • Be particularly cautious in bars, nightclubs, and entertainment venues

LGBTQ+ Travelers

Homosexuality is not explicitly criminalized in Burkina Faso's penal code, making it one of the few West African countries without specific anti-LGBTQ+ laws. However, there are no legal protections against discrimination, and same-sex marriage is not recognized.

  • Exercise extreme discretion regarding sexual orientation and gender identity; do not discuss LGBTQ+ topics publicly
  • Avoid any public displays of affection with same-sex partners
  • Do not assume that hotel staff or others will be accepting; keep your private life private
  • Be aware that there are no LGBTQ+-friendly establishments, events, or support networks accessible to tourists
  • Research accommodation carefully and consider international hotel chains that may have more inclusive policies
  • Do not use LGBTQ+ dating apps or websites as they could expose you to harassment, blackmail, or violence
  • Be prepared for intrusive questions about marital status or family; have prepared responses that don't reveal orientation
  • Understand that local LGBTQ+ individuals face persecution and involving them could put them at serious risk
  • Consider whether travel to Burkina Faso is necessary given both security concerns and social climate
  • Register with your embassy and know how to contact them if you face discrimination or safety issues

Travel Insurance

Comprehensive travel insurance with extensive medical coverage and emergency evacuation is absolutely essential for travel to Burkina Faso and is strongly recommended by all Western governments. The combination of poor local medical facilities, high security risks, and potential for rapid evacuation needs makes insurance critical. Medical evacuation alone can cost well over $100,000, and the security situation may require emergency departure. Many standard travel insurance policies exclude coverage for travel to countries with 'Do Not Travel' advisories, so specialized insurance is necessary.

Medical coverage with high limits (minimum $500,000, preferably $1,000,000+) Emergency medical evacuation and repatriation to your home country or a country with adequate medical facilities (not just to neighboring countries) Coverage that specifically includes destinations with security warnings and does not exclude Burkina Faso 24/7 emergency assistance services with experience in high-risk environments Coverage for terrorism, political violence, and civil unrest incidents Trip cancellation and interruption due to security deterioration Personal liability coverage Coverage for loss or theft of belongings including emergency replacement of travel documents Kidnap and ransom insurance (K&R) if available and if traveling for business or NGO work Accidental death and dismemberment coverage Coverage for adventure activities if planning any outdoor activities (though these are strongly discouraged)
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